资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
高水平对外开放为世界提供新机遇****** 作者:赵瑾(中国社会科学院习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心研究员、中国社会科学院财经战略研究院研究员) 开放是人类文明进步的重要动力,是世界繁荣发展的必由之路。习近平主席在第五届中国国际进口博览会开幕式上强调:“我们要以开放纾发展之困、以开放汇合作之力、以开放聚创新之势、以开放谋共享之福,推动经济全球化不断向前,增强各国发展动能,让发展成果更多更公平惠及各国人民。” 党的十八大以来,在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下,我国顺应经济全球化大势,坚定不移推进高水平对外开放,积极融入世界经济,对外开放取得了一系列突破性进展和标志性成果。外贸发展成就斐然,引进外资和对外投资发展成果显著,全方位对外开放格局加快形成,自由贸易试验区和自由贸易港建设稳步推进,全球经济合作网络持续拓展。面对世界百年未有之大变局加速演进、世界经济复苏动力不足等态势,中国正在不断以自身新发展为世界提供新机遇,推动建设开放型世界经济。 第一,实行更加积极主动的对外开放,为世界提供中国大市场机遇。 对外开放是我国的基本国策,超大规模市场是我国的显著优势。党的十八大以来,我们实行更加积极主动的开放战略,构建面向全球的高标准自由贸易区网络,加快推进自由贸易试验区、海南自由贸易港建设,共建“一带一路”成为深受欢迎的国际公共产品和国际合作平台。截至目前,我国已与26个国家和地区相继签署了19个自贸协定,推动《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》(RCEP)生效实施。扩大优质产品进口,举办世界上第一个以进口为主题的国家级展会,进博会成为促进世界各国创新合作的重要平台。不久前闭幕的第五届中国国际进口博览会上,145个国家、地区和国际组织参展;284家世界500强和行业龙头企业参展;意向成交金额735.2亿美元,比上届增长3.9%。进博会已经成为中国构建新发展格局的窗口、推动高水平开放的平台、全球共享的国际公共产品。 面向未来,我们将坚持以人民为中心,继续提高人民生活水平,使中等收入群体在未来15年超过8亿,推动超大规模市场不断发展,以国内大循环吸引全球资源要素,增强国内国际两个市场两种资源联动效应,提升贸易投资合作质量和水平。可以说,“中国大市场”正在成为“世界大机遇”。 第二,促进深层次改革的制度型开放,为世界提供中国制度型开放机遇。 稳步扩大规则、规制、管理、标准等制度型开放,是我国进一步推进高水平对外开放的重要方向。党的十八大以来,我国大幅度放宽市场准入,不断推动制度型开放。2013年以来,我国已设立21个自由贸易试验区和1个自由贸易港,覆盖东中西部和东北地区,形成了一大批可复制可推广的制度创新成果,例如,外商投资负面清单、国际贸易“单一窗口”、“证照分离”等。我国已成为140多个国家和地区的主要贸易伙伴,货物贸易总额居世界第一,吸引外资和对外投资居世界前列,形成更大范围、更宽领域、更深层次对外开放格局。 面向未来,锚定“更高水平开放型经济新体制基本形成”这个目标,我国将对标高标准国际经贸规则,合理缩减外资准入负面清单,依法保护外商投资权益,营造市场化、法治化、国际化一流营商环境;实施好新版《鼓励外商投资产业目录》,引导外资更多投向先进制造、现代服务、高新技术、绿色低碳、数字经济等领域和中西部地区;深化国家服务业扩大开放综合示范区建设,健全跨境服务贸易负面清单管理制度,建设国家服务贸易创新发展示范区;建立数据资源产权、交易流通、跨境传输、安全保护等基础制度和标准规范。从商品和要素流动型开放转向规则、规制、管理、标准等制度型开放,这将为世界提供中国制度型开放机遇。 第三,奉行互利共赢的开放战略,为世界提供深化国际合作机遇。 党的十八大以来,我国积极参与联合国、二十国集团、世界贸易组织、亚太经济合作组织、上海合作组织等机制合作,加强与世界各国的经贸联系。共建“一带一路”走深走实。我国积极发展与“一带一路”沿线国家的经济合作伙伴关系,共同打造政治互信、经济融合、文化包容的利益共同体、责任共同体和命运共同体。截至2021年末,我国已与170多个国家和国际组织签署了200多份共建“一带一路”合作文件,共建“一带一路”成为深受欢迎的国际公共产品和国际合作平台。党的二十大报告提出,“中国坚持经济全球化正确方向,推动贸易和投资自由化便利化,推进双边、区域和多边合作,促进国际宏观经济政策协调,共同营造有利于发展的国际环境,共同培育全球发展新动能”“中国愿加大对全球发展合作的资源投入,致力于缩小南北差距,坚定支持和帮助广大发展中国家加快发展”。 面向未来,我们将全面深入参与世界贸易组织改革谈判,积极推进加入《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》和《数字经济伙伴关系协定》,扩大面向全球的高标准自由贸易区网络,坚定支持和帮助广大发展中国家加快发展。这些都将进一步推动贸易和投资自由化便利化,促进国际宏观经济政策协调,以推动各国各方共享深化国际合作机遇,共同培育全球发展新动能。 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |